Speaker
Description
We address the long-standing problem of negative decay and production rates in perturbative QCD
for exclusive processes by proposing amplitude-level NRQCD factorization as a systematic prescription.
Building on this, we present the first complete next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) QCD correction to
the decay $J/\psi \to 3\gamma$. The resulting partial width,
$\Gamma(J/\psi \to 3\gamma) = 0.96^{+4.32}_{-0.13}$ eV, combines this NNLO contribution with
the known up to $\mathcal{O}(\alpha_s v^2)$ relativistic correction and shows markedly improved
agreement with the high-precision BESIII measurement. In the same way,
$\Gamma(\Upsilon \to 3\gamma) = 0.0086^{+0.0028}_{-0.0006}$ eV is obtained.
From a first-principles perspective, it is clear that for exclusive processes, taking the complete
modulus squared of the full amplitude is precisely the proper definition of the probability
distribution and guarantees its manifest positivity. This makes the amplitude-level prescription
the natural and physically motivated scheme. For inclusive processes, however, one is forced to
abandon the full modulus square due to the need to cancel infrared divergences at the level of
the truncated squared amplitude.
Based on arXiv:2603.26199.
